Responding to significant risks. Tolerate. Treat. Transfer. Terminate. Resourcing controls and planning. Reaction Planning. Reporting monitoring risk performance. Reviewing the Risk Management framework. There are a number of guidelines and publications regarding Emergency Planning, published by various professional organizations such as ASIS, National Fire Protection Association NFPA, and the International Association of Emergency Managers IAEM. There are very few Emergency Management specific standards, and emergency management as a discipline tends to fall under business resilience standards. In order to avoid, or reduce significant losses to a business, emergency managers should work to identify and anticipate potential risks, hopefully to reduce their probability of occurring. In the event that an emergency does occur, managers should have a plan prepared to mitigate the effects of that emergency, as well as to ensure Business Continuity of critical operations post incident. It is essential for an organisation to include procedures for determining whether an emergency situation has occurred and at what point an emergency management plan should be activated. Implementation idealseditAn emergency plan must be regularly maintained, in a structured and methodical manner, to ensure it is up to date in the event of an emergency. Emergency managers generally follow a common process to anticipate, assess, prevent, prepare, respond and recover from an incident. Pre incident training and testingedit. A team of emergency responders performs a training scenario involving anthrax. Emergency management plans and procedures should include the identification of appropriately trained staff members responsible for decision making when an emergency occurs. Training plans should include internal people, contractors and civil protection partners, and should state the nature and frequency of training and testing. Testing of a plans effectiveness should occur regularly. In instances where several business or organisations occupy the same space, joint emergency plans, formally agreed to by all parties, should be put into place. Communicating and incident assessmenteditCommunication is one of the key issues during any emergency, pre planning of communications is critical. Miscommunication can easily result in emergency events escalating unnecessarily. Once an emergency has been identified a comprehensive assessment evaluating the level of impact and its financial implications should be undertaken. The Flintstones & WWE: Stone Age Smackdown Cartoon Out. Following assessment, the appropriate plan or response to be activated will depend on a specific pre set criteria within the emergency plan. The steps necessary should be prioritized to ensure critical functions are operational as soon as possible. The critical functions are those that makes the plan untenable if not operationalized. The Communication policy must be well known and rehearsed and all targeted audiences or publics and individuals must be alert. All Communication infrastructure must be as prepared as possible with all information on groupings clearly identified. Phases and personal activitieseditEmergency management consists of five phases prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery. PreventioneditIt focuses on preventing the human hazard, primarily from potential natural disasters or terrorist attacks. Preventive measures are taken on both the domestic and international levels, designed to provide permanent protection from disasters. Not all disasters, particularly natural disasters, can be prevented, but the risk of loss of life and injury can be mitigated with good evacuation plans, environmental planning and design standards. In January 2. 00. Governments adopted a 1. Hyogo Framework. citation neededPreventing or reducing the impacts of disasters on our communities is a key focus for emergency management efforts today. Prevention and mitigation also help reduce the financial costs of disaster response and recovery. Public Safety Canada is working with provincial and territorial governments and stakeholders to promote disaster prevention and mitigation using a risk based and all hazards approach. In 2. 00. 9, FederalProvincialTerritorial Ministers endorsed a National Disaster Mitigation Strategy. MitigationeditDisaster mitigation measures are those that eliminate or reduce the impacts and risks of hazards through proactive measures taken before an emergency or disaster occurs. Preventive or mitigation measures take different forms for different types of disasters. In earthquake prone areas, these preventive measures might include structural changes such as the installation of an earthquake valve to instantly shut off the natural gas supply, seismic retrofits of property, and the securing of items inside a building. The latter may include the mounting of furniture, refrigerators, water heaters and breakables to the walls, and the addition of cabinet latches. In flood prone areas, houses can be built on polesstilts. In areas prone to prolonged electricity black outs installation of a generator ensures continuation of electrical service. The construction of storm cellars and fallout shelters are further examples of personal mitigative actions. On a national level, governments might implement large scale mitigation measures. After the monsoon floods of 2. Punjab government subsequently constructed 2. One of the best known examples of investment in disaster mitigation is the Red River Floodway. The building of the Floodway was a joint provincialfederal undertaking to protect the City of Winnipeg and reduce the impact of flooding in the Red River Basin. It cost 6. 2. 7 million to build in the 1. Since then, the floodway has been used over 2. Its use during the 1. Red River Flood alone saved an estimated 4. The Floodway was expanded in 2. Being Preparededit. An airport emergency preparedness exercise. Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a disaster occurs. This equipment and these procedures can be used to reduce vulnerability to disaster, to mitigate the impacts of a disaster or to respond more efficiently in an emergency. The Federal Emergency Management Agency FEMA has set out a basic four stage vision of preparedness flowing from mitigation to preparedness to response to recovery and back to mitigation in a circular planning process. This circular, overlapping model has been modified by other agencies, taught in emergency class and discussed in academic papers. FEMA also operates a Building Science Branch that develops and produces multi hazard mitigation guidance that focuses on creating disaster resilient communities to reduce loss of life and property. FEMA advises citizens to prepare their homes with some emergency essentials in the case that the food distribution lines are interrupted. FEMA has subsequently prepared for this contingency by purchasing hundreds of thousands of freeze dried food emergency meals ready to eat MREs to dispense to the communities where emergency shelter and evacuations are implemented.